DAB A AIA \ > USNME
le ae
rs
%
EX LIBRIS William Healey Dall
Division of Mollusks Sectional Library
VAG
FUT A
kK aN
TES Va
Y/
y
ne AY:
A
ie m Peet ‘on
im? i. @ 2h Le A
, . we SGX
MOLL. SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
A REVISION OF THE SYNONYMY
OF THE
TESTACEOUS MOLLUSKS
OF
NEW ENGLAND,
WITH NOTES ON THEIR STRUCTURE, AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL AND BATHYMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION.
WITH FIGURES OF NEW SPECIES,
By WILLIAM STIMPSON.
Leda thracieformis.
BOSTON: PHILLIPS, SAMPSON, AND COMPANY. 1851.
J4G 2 2+
r)
v
CAMBRIDGE: METCALF AND COMPANY,
PRINTERS TO THE UNIVERSITY.
ea +. ee ; ; os Toe. lao Hal sa 2 ‘7 i
PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
Ir is now ten years. since the publication of Dr. Gould’s “ In- vertebrata of Massachusetts,” the most valuable work on Ameri- can Conchology which has yet appeared. This work, from the full and judicious descriptions it contains, must always remain a standard for the accurate determination of the species of which it treats. But the rapid progress which has been made in Malacology during the last few years, and the new principles which have been introduced into the science, render necessary a great change in the arrangement and nomenclature adopted in that Report. The work now offered to the public is intend- ed to contain all the species which have been detected in New England up to the present moment, arranged and named in ac- cordance with the present state of our knowledge. To show the necessity of such a work at the present time, I may men- tion that, of the three hundred and forty-four species here men-
tioned, only one hundred and thirty-seven are described in Dr.
1V PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
Gould’s Report under the same names, and yet the changes made are only such as the present state of the science demands, and as result from examinations of the animal in species in which it was before unknown. Since attention has been di- rected to the subject, the researches of zoologists on the coasts of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Great Britain, and Sicily, —as Moller, Sars, Lovén, Forbes, Clark, Alder, Phi- lippi, and others, — have made us acquainted with the mollus- cous animals of those countries, some of which are identical with those of our own. I have myself made descriptions and figures of nearly all the species found on the New England coast, which I shall take some other opportunity to publish.
The number of species now added to the number described in Dr. Gould’s work is eighty-four.
For the arrangement of the Gasteropoda, I have adopted, with a few trifling modifications, that of Professor Forbes and Mr. Hanley, in the “ British Mollusca and their Shells,” a mag- nificent and extended work which has been in the course of publication during the last four years. In some points I should have preferred to deviate from this classification, but as we must still remain far from the truth, in a class in which the true relations of the groups are so little known, I have used the ap- proved mode as most convenient and conducive to uniformity, until more certain data are derived from Embryology and Homology.
In the classification of the Acephala, it will be seen that I have reversed the usual order, and made other modifications
of the established arrangement. For explanations of my views
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. Vv
on this subject, see a paper in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Nov. 1851.
In citing authorities I have referred to the author who gave to the species the name which it now bears ; — the whole name, and not a part of it. I need only refer, as authority for so do- ing, to the names of Linneus, Cuvier, and Agassiz. The practice of citing the author who gave the specific designation —a part of the name — is an innovation, which has become frequent among Conchologists during the last thirty years.
As the importance of an accurate knowledge of the distribu- tion of animals over the earth is now generally admitted, I have paid particular attention to the geographical and bathymetrical, or horizontal and vertical range of each species on our coast. To indicate the vertical range, I have used the terms applied to the zones of the sea by Professor Forbes, viz. : —
Littoral, the space between high and low water marks.
Laminarian, from low water mark to fifteen fathoms.
Coralline, from fifteen to fifty fathoms.
Deep Sea Coral, from fifty to one hundred fathoms and over.
Many of our species have been hitherto obtained only from the stomachs of the ground-feeding fishes, and therefore their true localities, and the depths at which they live, have remained unknown. The notes of dredging excursions furnished me by my friends, and my own operations, have enabled me in most cases to give these localities and depths with accuracy ; and wherever they are mentioned, they are those at which the spe- cies has been taken with the dredge. As authority for these lo-
calities | have referred to the gentlemen by whom they were
vi PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
ascertained. Some of these are mentioned below, with the ab-
breviations I have used.
Prof. C. B. Adams, of Amherst, Mass. Ad. Prof. L. Agassiz, of Cambridge, Mass. Ag. Capt. N. Atwood, of Provincetown, Mass. Atw. U.S. Coast Survey, Prof. A. D. Bache, Sup. C. S. Mr. 'T. C. Haskell, of Lynn, Mass. Hask. Dr. J. B. Holder, of Lynn, Mass. Hold. Mr. James P. Low, of Charlestown, Mass. Low. Dr. J. W. Mighels, formerly of Portland, Me. Migh. Mr. Robert F. Parker, of Nantucket. Park. Mr. Temple Prime, of New York. Prime. Dr. J. Ray, of Providence, R. I. Ray. Gen. J. G. Totten, U.S. A. Tot. Mr. J. True, of Salem, Mass. True. Mr. 8. Tufts, of Lynn, Mass. Tufts. Capt. Walden, of Cutter, ‘* Hamilton.” Wald. Dr. Henry Wheatland, of Salem, Mass. Wh.
The Author. W.S.
ACE PH ATA.
BRACHIOPODA.
TEREBRATULIDZ.
TEREBRATULA SEPTENTRIONALIS, Couth. . caput-ser- pentis, Gould, 141. (non Lam.) — Laminarian to Deep Sea Coral. Eastport at low water, common. Off Isles of Shoals, 20 f. (Wh.), to Cape Cod.
This species differs from the European caput-ser- pentis sufficiently in both shell and animal.
Hyporuyris pstrracea, King, An. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xvii. 238. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll. 346. Terebratula psittacea, Lam. Gould, 142, f. 91.— Deep
Sea Coral Zone. Northern Coast.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
ANOMIADE.
ANomta EpHIPPiIUM, Linn., et vars. aculeata, squamula, et electrica. — Littoral to Coralline. Whole Coast.
8 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
OSTREADA.
Ostrea Boreas, Lam., etc.— Buzzard’s Bay. Litt.
PECTENIDA.
Pecten Macexuanicus, Lam. Gould, 132. (Ostrec’ Gmel.— Whole Coast. Lamin. Corall.
P. Isuanpicus, Mill. Gould, 133, f. 89.— Eastport, Me. to Conn. Lamin. to Dp. 8. Corall.
P. rrrapians, Lam. P.concentricus, Say, 1821. Gould, 134, f. 88. (fide Phil.) — Litt. From Cape Ann southward.
P. ruscus, Linsley, Conn. Cat. 126, desc. by Gould, Am. Jour. Sept. 1848.
ARCADA. ARCA TRANSVERSA, Say, 1821. Gould, 96.— Cape Cod
southward. Lamin. A. pexata, Say, 1821. Gould, 95, f. 60.— Cape Cod
southward. Litt. Lamin.
NUCULIDA.
The absence of a byssus, the form of the branchie, the crenation of the foot, and the great development of the labial tentacles, seem characters suflicient to separate this family from the Arcade.
Nucuta proxima, Say. Gould, 103, f 63.— Lamin. Whole Coast.
N. tenuis, Turt. Gould, 105, f. 64. Arca tenuis, Mont.
Corall.
ACEPHALA. 9
N. pe.puinoponta, Migh. et Ad., Bost. Jour. iv. 40. Stimpson, Bost. Proc. iv. 13.— Lamin. Whole Coast.
Lepa THrRact£Formis, Stimpson, Bost. Proc. iv. 26. Nucula thracieformis, Storer. Gould, 97, f.66. NV. na-
_ vicularis, Couth. Gould, 103.— Corall. St. Andrew’s
“Bay in 10 f. and off Head Harbor, Campo-bello, in 40 f.(W.S8.) In deep water off the coasts of Maine and Massachusetts, and off Race Pt., Cape Cod, in 30 f. Off Fire Island, L. L, in 10 £(C. S,)
The genus Leda was separated from Nucula by Schumacher in 1817. It presents great differences from that genus as now restricted, both in animal and shell; — Nucula having its mantle open through- out, without siphons, while in Leda they are well developed. (See Moller, Index Moll. Grénl.; Lovén, Index Moll. Scand. 34; and Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., ii. 214.) Under Moller’s genus Yoldia —“ Ani- mal tubis longis curvatis instructum; pede magno, va- lido ; pallio toto aperto, marginibus posticé ciliatis ” — will come our species thracieformis, obesa, sapotilla, Cascoensis, myalis, and limatula, the animals of nearly all of which I have examined. In some of them the mantle is ciliated all around, and it has two thick- enings, one anteriorly just before the foot, and one posteriorly just before the siphons. In ZL. lima- tula I have seen the produced exterior palpi protrud- ed from the posterior thickened margins, as from a sheath, — the palpi gyrating rapidly in the water as if in search of food. L. tenwisulcata has no such struct-
2
10 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
ure. For the present I prefer to follow Professor Forbes in uniting Yoldia with Leda.
L. opesa, St., Pl. II. f.1. Bost. Proc. Oct. 1851. T. parva, tenuis, ovalis, ineequilateralis, posticé longior, epider- mide nitido, tenuistriato; apicibus parvis; margine ventrali modicé arcuato: areola parum conspicua; dentibus anticis decem, posticis duodecim, parvis. Long. .22, lat. .12, poll.
This species is narrower and more inflated than the young of L. thracieformis. Prof. Adams informs me that it is the MV. navicularis of Mighels, (Maine Cat.) It is certainly not that of Couthouy. It was taken in deep water in Mass. Bay.
L. saporitua, St. Nucula sapotilla, Gould, 100, f. 61. — Corall. Eastport Harbor, 10 f. mud, (W. 8.) Provincetown Harb. deep water, sand, (Totten.) It inhabits also the coast between these points.
L. Cascornsis, St. Nucula Cascoensis, Migh. et Ad. Bost. Jour. iv. 40.— Casco Bay. Very probably a variety of L. myalis.
L. myauis, St. Mucula myalis, Couth., 1838. Gould, 99. Yoldia angularis, Moll. 1842. (?) — Eastport to Cape Cod.
L. urmatua, St. Nucula limatula, Say. Gould, 98, f. 62.— Whole Coast. Laminarian. Eastport in 6 f. mud, (W.S.) Portland Harbor, (Migh.) Salem Har- bor, 1 to 3 f.(Wh.) Boston Harbor, 2 to 10 f. mud and sand, (W.8.) Vineyard Sound, (Ag.) Off Pas- que I. 5 miles from land, in 8 f. (Prime and W. 8.)
L. Tenursutcata, St. Nucula tenuisulcata, Couth. 1888.
ACEPHALA. 11
N. minuta, Gould, 101. (non O. Fab.) — Corall. East- port Harb. in 6 f., also off Grand Manan in 40 f. (W.S.) Off Isles of Shoals in 20 f.(Wh.) Prov- incetown Harb. (Tott.)
MY TILIDA.
After an examination of the animals of our species of this family, I have arrived at the conclusion that the genera Modiola, Crenella, Modiolaria, etc., should be reunited to Mytilus, since I have found as great differences between the species of these subgenera as among the subgenera themselves. In the last edi- tion of the “ Régne Animal,” the eggs of Mytilus are said to be found in the mantle. In an examination of several individuals of M. edulis by Dr. Burnett and myself, we found the glands of the mantle filled with spermatozoa. The spermatiferous glands are arranged differently in different species. In M. dis- cors they present a beautiful dendritic appearance, occupying nearly the whole extent of the mantle. In some species they appear to occupy only that portion of the mantle which is united with the abdominal mass.
Myrinus pecussatus, Mont. Modiola glandula, 'Tott. Gould, 131, f. 87. Crenella decussata, Dekay. F’. et H. —Laminarian. Whole Coast. Eastport in 4 to 40 f. sandy mud, (W. 8.) Off Isles of Shoals, 20 f. sand (Wh.) Provincetown at low water, (Low.) Ston- ington, (Linsley,) and at intermediate points.
M. pectinuuus, St. Modiola pectinula, Gould, 127, f. 85.
Ae SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
—Corall. St. George’s Bank. This is perhaps M. Saba, O. Fabr.
M. corrucatus, St. Modiola discors, Gould. (non Angl.) — Corall. Eastport, in 40 f. sandy mud, (W. 8.) to Cape Cod.
M. piscors, Lin. Modiola discrepans, Lam. Crenella discors, ¥.et H.— Lamin. Eastport, from low water to 20 f. gravel, (W. 8.) to Cape Cod.
M. Levieatus, St. MM. discors,O. Fabr. Mod. levigata, Gray. Mod. discrepans, Gould, 129, f. 83.— Corall. St. George’s Bank. This species differs from M. discors, in being larger, more ventricose, and narrower posteriorly.
M. piscrepans, Montagu. (in part.) Modiola nigra, Gray. Mod. nexa, Gould. (young.) Crenella nigra, F. et H. —Lamin. Eastport, 5 f. and Grand Manan, 40 f. (W. 8.) Provincetown Harb. (Tott.) Stonington, (Lins.) It prefers shelly bottoms. The Crenelle of the European shores have a habit of boring into the tests of Ascidie, (see British Mollusca, ii. 95,) which the same species on our coast do not have. They are sometimes found imbedded in sponges and mas- sive algee, but in this case the matrix seems to have grown around them.
M. piicatuLus, Desh. Modiola plicatula, Lam. Gould, 125, f. 81. — Litt. From New Hampshire southward.
M. moprouus, L.— Whole Coast. Litt. to Corall.
M. eputis, L.— Whole coast. Littoral.
The determinations of some of the above species by Middendorff (Mal. Ross. ii.) seem at variance with
ACEPHALA. 13
those of other authors, and somewhat confused. I
have therefore not referred to his work.
UNIONIDA.
Unio, Retzius, emend. Gills free from the abdomi- nal sac, their posterior extremity attached to the man- tle; eggs, in the female, filling the whole extent of the outer gill; mantle fringed at both siphonal open- ings. (Agassiz, MS.)
U. compianatus, Lea. Gould, 107, f. 68. Mya com- planata, Soland.
Evurynea, Rafinesque, emend. Gills attached to the abdominal sac, leaving no communication be- tween the pedal, and the upper gill cavities; eggs received in the sacs of the posterior part of the outer gill; mantle fringed at the posterior half of its ven- tral edge, and at the branchial and anal siphons.
E. prevonea, Ag, MS. Unio prelongus, Barnes. — Lake Champlain. It is doubtful whether this spe- cies, of the North, is a variety of U. rectus, Lam., or not. (Ag.)
E. nasura, Ag. MS. Mya nasuta, Wood. Unio na- sutus, Say. Gould, 109, f. 71. (non Lam.)
—_—— Lampsius, Raf. emend. Gills attached; eggs in
the posterior part of the outer gill; mantle fringed at both siphonal openings, and having fleshy thicken- ings and processes at its posterior ventral edge.
L. rapiata, Ag., MS. Mya radiata, Gmel. Unio ra- diata, Lam. Gould, 110, f. 73.
14 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
L. cartosa, Ag. MS. Unio cariosus, Say. Gould, fiat:
L. ocuracea, Ag.. MS. Unio ochraceus, Say. Gould, 112, f. 74.
L. ventricosa, Ag. MS. Unio ventricosus, Barnes. — Vermont.
L. stniquomeEa, Ag., MS. Unio siliquoideus, Barnes. — Lake Champlain. This is not identical with the Ohio River species usually called UW. siliquoideus. (Ag.)
Meraprera, Raf. emend. Gills attached; eggs in posterior part of gill; a broad expansion of mantle upwards; superanal opening long; both siphonal openings fringed.
M. atara, Ag., MS. Unio alatus, Say. — Lake Cham- plain.
M. cgraciuis, Ag. MS. Unio gracilis, Barnes. — Lake Champlain.
Neither of the above Metaptere is identical with the Ohio River species usually designated by the same specific name. (Ag.)
Comp.anaria, Swains. emend. Gills free, united to the mantle to its margin; outer gill filling entirely with eggs; superanal opening long; both siphonal openings fringed; palpi united along their posterior edge for two thirds of their length.
C. rucosa, Ag. MS. Alasmodonta rugosa, Barnes. — Vermont.
C. anasmopontina, Ag., MS. Unio alasmodontinus,
Barnes. U. compressus, Lea.— Vermont.
ACEPHALA. 15
MarcariTana, Schum. Gills free from abdominal sac, — their posterior extremity not united to the mantle; anal opening or region of mantle not fringed, branchial fringed.
M. arcuata, Phil. Alasm. arcuata, Barnes. Gould, gis on ra
AuasmoponTa, Say, emend. Gills attached to ab- dominal sac, attached also to the mantle to their ex- tremity ; branchial siphon fringed, anal large, not fringed. Eggs 2
A. marginaTa, Say. Gould, 116, f. 77.
Srropuitus, Raf.emend. Gills attached; eggs re-
ceived in the whole extent of the outer gill; anal opening not fringed.
S. unputatus, Raf. Anodonta undulata, Say. Gould, 120) t79-
S. scunprinis, Ag., MS. Unio undulata, Say. Alasm- undulata, Barnes. Gould, 115, f. 76. Alasm. sculp- tilis, Say.
Anoponta, Brug. Gills free; eggs throughout the gill; anal opening not fringed.
A. BenepicTensts, Lea. — Lake Champlain.
A.impiicata, Say. Gould, 118, f.'78.— Eastern Mas- sachusetts.
A. FLUVIATILIS, Lea. Gould, 117, f.80. Mytilus fluvi- atilis, Dill.
A. MARGINATA, Say.
A. Hovsatonica, Linsley, Conn. Cat. Gould, Am. Journ. 1848.
A. suBcyLinDRAcEA, Lea. — Connecticut, (fide Linsley.)
16 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
CYCLADIDA.
Cycuas sruinis, Say. Gould, 72, f. 53.
C. RHOMBOIDEA, Say. Adams, in Thomps. Hist. Ver- mont.
C. eLecans, Adams. Gould, 74, f. 55.
C. parTuMEIA, Say. Gould, 73, f. 54.
C. peLtiucipa, Prime, MS. C. calyculata, Adams, Thomps. Hist. Vermont.
C. truncata, Lins. Gould, Am. Jour., 1848.
C. orpicutaria, Barratt. Linsley, Conn. Cat.
Pistpi1um puBium, Gould, in Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 345. Cyclias dubia, Say. Gould, 75, f. 56.
P. minus, St. Cyclas minor, Ad. et Migh.
P. Apamsi, Prime, MS. Cyclas nitida, Ad. et Migh. (preoc.)
_ P. ventTricosum, Prime. Bost. Proc., iv. 68.
KELLIADA.
MontacuTa ELEvATA, St. M. bidentata, Gould, 59. (non Angl.) —Lamin. New Bedford Harb. (Shiv- erick.) On the sands of Chelsea Beach, thrown up alive, (W. 58.) It differs from MM. bidentata in the po- sition of the beaks, and in its proportions.
Turtonra minuta, Alder. F. et H. Venus minuta, O. Fabr.— Litt. Mass. Bay. This species, not before noticed on our coast, I have found abundantly in June, about the roots of the fuci which cover the boulders at Point Shirley.
ACEPHALA. 17
KELLIA PLANULATA, St. K. rubra, Gould, 60, f. 33.— Lamin. New Bedford Harb. (Shiverick.) Buzzard’s Bay in 3 f. gravel, (Prime and W. S.) Boston Harb. in 5 f. shelly bottom, (W. 8.) It differs from A. ru- bra, as appears from actual comparison, in its com-
pressed form and in the minuteness of its beaks.
LUCINID.
Tuyasira Goutpu, St. Lucina Gouldii, Phil. Zeitsch. fir Malak. 1845, p.74. Lucina flexuosa, Gould, (non Angl.) — Lamin., on sandy bottoms. Whole Coast. Eastport in 5 f. (W. 8.) Salem Harb. 3 f. (Wh.) Stonington, (Lins.)
Lucina striciuua, St. LZ. divaricata, Auct. Gould, non ( Tellina) Lin. — Nantucket. Forbes and Hanley (Brit. Moll. ii. 54) have shown this species to be dis- tinct from the true divaricata of Linneus, and as I find no other name for it, I have called it for the pres- ent by that which was applied to it as a generic name by Turton.
fF L. Firosa, St. Lucina radula, Gould, 69, non ( Tellina) Mont.— In 6 f. sand near Pt. Shirley, (W. 8.) Phillips Beach, alive after a storm, (Holder.) Our shell differs from the European species in its greater size, its more distant and regular raised concentric striz, and its color.
ASTARTID.
CaRDITA BOREALIS, Con. Gould, 94, f. 58. — Lamin.
18 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
Whole Coast. Plentifulin 3 f. mud, Eastport; rare in 40 f. off Grand Manan, (W. 8S.) Off Isles of Shoals, 20 f. sand,(Wh.) St. George’s Bank, in 30 f. (Tufts.) Vineyard Sound, 6-14 f.(Ag.) Nantuck- et Shoals in 20 f. (Ag.) The animal agrees with that of Astarte.
ASTARTE MacTRAcEA, Linsley, Conn. Cat.71. Desc. by Gould, Am. Jour., Sept. 1848. A. lunulata, Con. (?) —Lamin. Stonington, (Linsley.) New Bedford Harb. in 4 f. gravel, (Prime and W.8.) This species occurs in the Post Pliocene deposits of South Carolina, and was found alive on that coast by Lieut. Kurtz.
A. sutcata, Flem. Gould, 78, f.46. Pectunculus sulca- tus, Da Costa. “ A. undata, Gould,” Migh.— Lamin. et Corall. Whole Coast. Common at Eastport in 4 to 60 faths. mud, (W. 8.) Marblehead Harb. at low water, (Haskell.) Stonington, (Lins.) Vine- yard Sound, 6 f. (Ag.)
A. Porrianpica, Mighels, Bost. Jour. iv. 345.— Casco Bay.
A. quaprans, Gould, 81, f. 48.— Lamin. et Corall. Casco Bay to Stonington, Conn. Salem Harb. in 4 f. sand, (Wh. and W. 8.)
A. cASTANEA, Say. Gould, 76, f.45.— Lamin. From
Casco Bay southward.
CYPRINIDA.
Cyprtna Istanpica, Lam. (Venus) Lin. — Lamin. Whole Coast.
ACEPHALA. 19
CARDIADZ.
Carpium Isuanpicum, Lin. Gould, 89, f. 58.— Corall. Eastport in from 6 to 60 faths. (W.S.) Off Cape Cod, in 35 f. (Atwood.)
C. prynuLatum, Con. Gould, 90, f.57.— Lamin. Whole Coast. :
C. Morrtont, Con. — Litt. Nantucket, R. I., and Conn.
ApuropiTE Gra@nuanpica, St. Cardium Grenlandicum, Chemn. Gould, 92. C. edentulum, Sow. Acardo edentulus, Swains., 1840. Aphrodite columba, Lea. — Corall. Cape Cod Bay, (W. 8.) and off Stoning- ton, Conn. (Lins.)
VENERID.
VENUS MERCENARIA, Lin. Gould. — Litt. Occurs spar- ingly north of Cape Cod, plentifully south of it. It is abundant in the Post Pliocene clay of Point Shir- ley.
V. Fiucruosa, Gould, 87, f. 50.— From the Bank Fisheries.
V. Gemma, Tott. Gould, 88, f.51.— Litt. Whole Coast.
CytTHEREA convexa, Say. Gould, 84, f. 49.— Lamin. From Casco Bay to N. Y.
Var. minor. In Buzzard’s Bay at the depth of eight fathoms, in mud, I have dredged many specimens of a Cytherea, none of which exceed 3 in. in length. Its animal differs somewhat from that of C. convexa. It is probably C. morrhuana, Lins. Conn. Cat. 85, but un-
til further examination must be regarded as a variety.
20 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
MACTRIDA.
Macrra LATERALIS, Say. Gould, 54, f. 34, 35.— Lamin. From Cape Ann southward. Creeks near Salem, ( True.)
M. ponperosa, Phil. M. ovalis, Gould, 53, f. 32. (preoc.) — Lamin. Eastport and Grand Manan, at low water mark, large and plentiful, (W. 8.) and southward to Cape Cod.
M. souipissima, Chemn. Gould, 51.— Litt. et Lamin. Whole Coast.
M. simiuis, Say, 1821.— Connecticut.
DONACIDA.
Mesopesma arctatum, Gould. Mactra arctata, Con., 1830.— Lamin. Whole Coast.
M. peauratum, Hanley. Mactra deaurata, Turt. Me- sodesma Jauresii, Joannis. Gould, 58, f. 38.— St. George’s Bank. '
TELLINIDZ.
CuMINGIA TELLINOIDES, Con., 1830. Gould, 56, f. 36. —Lamin. From Cape Cod southward. An exam- ination of the animal of this species leads me to place it in this family rather than among the Mactride where it has been hitherto placed.
Teviina Fusca, Phil. Sanguinolaria fusca, (Say, 1825.) Con. Gould. Tellina Gronlandica, Beck. (?) — Litt. Whole Coast.
ACEPHALA. 21
T. proxrma, Brown. F.et H. Sanguinolaria sordida, Gould. TT. sordida, Couth. Migh. T. calcarea, Lyell, ete. — Corall. Eastport to Cape Cod.
T. renera, Say, 1821. Gould, 68, f.44.— Lamin. Low water to 14 f. sand and pebbles. Cape Ann to N. Y.
T. renta, Say. Gould, 67, f.43.— Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
T. verstcotor, Cozzens. Dekay. Lins. — Lamin. Long Island Sound.
T. e.ucens, Migh., Bost. Proc. i. 188. — Maine.
SOLEMYADZ.
Sotemya vetum, Say, 1821. Gould, 35.— Litt. and Lamin. Whole Coast.
The animal has the mantle closed except at a large opening, with cirrated edges anteriorly, for the passage of the foot, and at a single small opening at the pos- terior extremity, also cirrated. Foot large, truncated and excavated at its extremity, which has fimbriated edges. Branchie consisting of a very thick lobe on each side, situated far posteriorly, and having a lon- gitudinal sulcus at the middle in each. Palpi very small and slender. The thinness of the shell ena- bles the animal to make surprising leaps, and I have seen it leaping or swimming about in the water for some time without touching the bottom. The leap is performed by suddenly drawing in the umbrella- shaped foot at the same time that water is expelled from the posterior opening by the closing of the valves.
S. sorEauts, Tott. Gould, 36.— Lamin. Whole Coast.
ru ~~
a SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
SOLENIDZE.
Sotecurtus cippus, F. et H. Solen gibbus, Spengler. S. Caribeus, Lam. Solecurtus Caribeus, Con. Gould, 30.—Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
S. pipens, F. et H. Solen bidens, Chemn. S. fragilis, Pult. S. centralis, Say, 1821. Solecurtus fragilis, Gould, 31.— Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
Macu#ra squama, Gould, MS. Solecurtus squama, Blainv. Mach. nitida, Gould, 33, f. 25, 26.— From the Bank Fisheries.
M. costata, Gould, 34. Solen costatus, Say, 1821. S. Nahantensis, Des Moulins, 1832. 8S. Sayi, Grif- fith’s Cuvier.— Lamin. Whole Coast.
So.Len Ensis, Lin. Gould, 28.— Litt. Whole Coast.
The specimens which I have received from Rhode Island and other parts of our coast, marked S. viridis, Say, do not agree with specimens of that shell from S. Carolina, but seem to be the young of a variety of S. ensis.
ANATINIDA.
ANATINA PAPYRACEA, Say. Gould, 47, f. 27.— Lamin. From Cape Ann southward.
CocutopesmMa Leanum, Couth. Gould, 49, f. 29, 30. Anatina Leana, Con. 1830.— Lamin. From Casco Bay southward.
Turacta TRUNCATA, Mighels, Bost. Jour. iv. 38. 1841.
Stimpson, Bost. Proce. iv. 138.— Corall. Casco Bay,
ACEPHALA. 23
(Migh.) Mass. Bay, (W. 8.) Off Martha’s Vine- yard, (Ag.) Off coast of Long Island, in 38 f. (C. 8.) T. Cournouyi, St., Bost. Proc. iv. 8.1851. T. parva, alba, solidula, orbiculato-ovalis, sub-quilateralis, compressa, antice angustior, rotundata; postice laté truncata; striis concentricis inequalibus rugosa ; sinus siphonalis latus. Ossiculum minutissimum. Long. .7, lat. .54, poll. Corall. Eastport, Me., and Mass. Bay.
T. Conrap1, Couth. Gould, 50.— Lamin. Whole Coast. Eastport, in 6 f. (W. 8.) The absence of an ossiculum in this species, (which is found in the two preceding species,) would seem suflicient to sep- arate it generically from other Thracie. But the ani- mal resembles so closely that of the large English species which possess the ossiculum, that I have thought it best to consider the appendage unimpor- tant.
PANDORID.
Lyonsta HyaLIna, Con. Ostesdesma hyalina, Couth. Gould, 46, f. 31.— Lamin. Whole Coast.
PANDORA TRILINEATA, Say. Gould, 44.— Laminarian. Whole Coast. Eastport Harb. 5 f. mud, (W. 58.) Portland Harb. (Migh.) Salem Harb. in 1 to 6 f. (Wh.) Boston Harb. in 4 f. shelly ground, (W. 8.) Nantucket at low water, (Parker.) Vineyard Sound, (Ag.) Buzzard’s Bay in 8 f. (Prime and W. 8.)
24 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
CORBULIDA.
CorsuLa contRacTa, Say. Gould, 43, f. 37. — Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
MYADZE.
GiycyMeEris stniqua, Lam. Gould, 39. Mya siliqua, Chemn.— Corall. From Cape Cod northward. Na- hant Beach, alive, after a storm, (W. 8.) Province- town Harb. (‘Tott.)
Panopxa Norveetca, Lovin. Mya Norvegica, Spengl. Panopea arctica, Desh. Gould, 37, f. 27.— From the Banks.
Mya truncata, Lin. Gould, 42. — Litt. to Corall. Eastport at low water, among pebbles, (W. 8.) and southward to Cape Cod.
M. arenaria, Lin. Gould. — Litt. Whole Coast.
GASTROCHAENID.
PetTrRicoLaA PHOLADIFORMIS, Lam. 1818. Gould. P. fornicata, Say, 1821.— Litt. Whole Coast.
P. pactyLus, Say. Gould, 65.— Litt. Cape Cod to N. Y. I have found the differences between this and the preceding species, mentioned by Dr. Gould, to be inconstant, but I defer to his authority in regarding it distinct.
The propriety of placing this genus among the Gastrochenide may be questioned. Our species
have very robust siphons which are sometimes ex-
ACEPHALA. 25
tended to four times the length of the shell; the bran- chiz are coarsely pectinated, —the outer leaflet be- ing one third shorter than the inner one. The foot is compressed, resembling somewhat that of Venus. But at a point a little behind the middle of its sole or lower edge, I have detected a minute slit, from which I have once seen a byssus issuing.
The cirrhi around apertures of the siphons in P. pholadiformis, are complicated, but very variable, and sometimes entirely wanting, or represented only by papillae. Much importance has been attached to the form of the cirhi among the characters of the animals of Bivalves, but in most cases but little de- pendence can be placed upon them.
Saxicava arctica, Desh. F. et H. Mya arctica, L. S. distorta, Say. Gould. — Litt. to Corall. Whole Coast.
S. rueosa, Lam. Mytilus rugosus, O. Fabr. Sazxicava distorta, Say. Gould. — Litt. to Corall. Whole Coast.
PHOLADIDA.
Puouas costata, Lin. Gould, 27.— Lamin. Alive in the mud of New Bedford Harbor, (see Gould, Bost. Proce. ii. 81.)
P. rruncata, Say. Gould, Bost. Proe. ii. 81.— Lamin. New Bedford Harbor, (Greene.) Connecticut, (Jay.)
P. crispata, Lin. Gould, 27.—Lamin. Eastport, (W. 8S.) to Stonington, (Lins.) and intermediate shores. Alive at Phillips Beach at low water, (‘True.)
4
26 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
TEREDO DILATATA, St. Bost. Proc. Oct. 1851.— In buoys, ete. Lynn, (Tufts.) What T. navalis, of Linsley, Conn. Cat., found in floating wood in Long Island Sound, is, | have no opportunity of determin-
ing.
GASTEROPODA.
PTEROPODA.
HYALEADA.
Hyauea Trispinosa, Lesueur. — Occasionally cast ashore at Nantucket.
LIMACINADZ.
Sprriatis Goutpu, St. Pl. I. Fig.4. Bost. Proce. iv. 8, 1851. 'T. ovato-globosa, vitrea, pertenuis, pellucida, leevissima, arcté et profundé umbilicata ; spira conoi- dea; anf. 7, lineis minutis volventibus, impressis, re- motis insculpti; anf. ultimus magnus; apertura spi- ram sub-zquans, anticé obtusa. Long. .1; lat. .075. — Whole Coast.
CLIONID.
CLIoNE BoREALIS, Gray. Clione, Pallas. Clio borealis, Lin. Dekay.
28 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
PROSOBRANCHIATA.
DENTALIADZ.
DenTaLium sTRIoLATUM, St. Bost. Proc. Oct. 1851. D. entalis, Migh. (non L.) — Lamin. Corall. Casco Bay, (Migh.) Penobscot Bay,(Walden.) Eastport Harb. 10 f. mud, (W.8.) Off Grand Manan, in 40 f. gravelly mud, (W. 8.) Off Isles of Shoals in 20 f. sand, (Wh.) Mass. Bay, (Tufts.) It differs from the HKuropean species to which it has been re- ferred in being more slender, and in its frequent smoothness, — the striations being often difficult to detect.
D. occiwentae, St. D. dentale, Gould, 155, f. 5. (non Auct.) — Deep water on the Coast of Maine, and
in Mass. Bay.
CHITONIDZE.
CuHITON apicuLaTus, Say, Am. Conch. No. 8. C. pecti- natus, Gould, MS.— Laminarian. From Cape Cod southward.
C. crnereus, Lin. C. marginatus, Penn. Gould, 147, f. 22.— Litt. Since the discovery of the specimen mentioned by Dr. Gould, no other has been found on our coast.
C. ausus, Lin. Gould, 150, f.21. Middendorff, Malac. Rossic., i. 120. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., ii. 405.— Litt. Lamin. Eastport at low water, (W. 8.) Isles of Shoals, (Wh.) to Cape Cod.
GASTEROPODA. 29
C. ruser, Lin. Gould, 144, f. 24. Midd., Malac. Rossic., i. 117.—Lamin. From Cape Cod north- ward.
C. marmorevs, O. Fabr. F. et H. C. levigatus, Flem. Migh. C. fulminatus, Couth. Gould, 148, f, 23. — Litt. Lamin. From Cape Cod northward.
C. menvicarius, Migh. et Ad., Bost. Jour., iv. 42, 1841. — Maine.
Amicuta vestita, Gray. Chiton vestitus, Brod. et Sow., 1828. ©. Emersonii, Couth., 1838. Gould, 151, f. 19.— Corall. From Cape Cod northward. Salem Harbor, in 20 f. gravel, ( Wh.)
PATELLIDA.
Pitiptum canpipum, St. Patella candida, Couth. Gould. —Corall. D.S. Coral. From Cape Cod northward. The shell of this species does not correspond with that of Propilidium ancyloide, to which it is referred by Forhes and Hanley. ‘There is perhaps some doubt as to the necessity of the genus Propilidium.
This species occurred to me on stones in 40 f. off Grand Manan. It has short tentacles, destitute of eyes; a large foot; the mantle with a thick edge, fringed. (?) The liver is green; above which are scen the convolutions of the thick intestine, which sur- round it. The intestine is filled with a reddish brown mud, and the anus opens on the back of the neck.
Trcrura TEsTUDINALIS, Gray. Patella t.. Mill. P.
30 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
amend, Say. Lottia testudinalis, Forbes. Gould, 153, f.12. Acmea testudinalis, Hanley. — Litt. Whole Coast.
T. atveus, St. Patella alveus, Con., 1830. Loltia al- veus, Gould, 154, f. 18. — Litt. Whole Coast. At Bird Island, in Boston Harbor, this species occurs abundantly upon stones and shells, still retaining its characters; which is sufficient to show that it is not
a variety of the last.
CALYPTRAIDA.
CaLYPTR&A sTRIATA, Say, J. A. N.S, v. 216, 1825. — Lamin. Whole coast. Eastport Harbor, 4f. (W. 8.) Portland Harb. (Migh.) St. George’s Banks, (W. S.) Nantucket, (Ag.)
CrepipuLa FornicaTa, Lam. Say. Gould, 158, f. 17. Patella f., Lin. Crepidula glauca, Say. Gould. — Lamin. Whole Coast.
C. uncuirormis, Lam. C. plana, Say. Gould, 159, f. 16. —lLamin. Whole Coast. C. fornicata, as well as this species, sometimes occurs in the apertures of uni- valves, where it preserves its color, convexity, and oth- er characters.
C. convexa, Say. Gould, 160, f. 15.— Litt. Lamin. From Mass. Bay southward.
FISSURELLID.
Diapora Noacuina, Gray. Patella Noachina, Lin. Cemoria Noachina, Gould, 156, f. 18. C. princeps,
GASTEROPODA. ol
Migh. et Ad. Puncturella Noachina, Lowe. F. et H. — Corall. and D. 8. Coral. From Cape Cod north- ward. Eastport Harbor, 25 f. rocky bottom, (W. 8.) Off Manchester, Cape Ann, in 20 f. gravel, ( Wh.) Var. C. princeps in 30 f. gravel, off Grand Manan,
(W. Ss.)
TROCHIDZ.
Trocnus occipentatis, Migh. et Ad., 1841. Margarita alabastrum, Beck, MS. Lovén. Trochus alabastrum, Forbes et Hanley.— Coralline. Maine. In 30 f. eravel, off Grand Manan, (W. 8.)
MarcariTa CINEREA, Gould, 252. Lovén. Turbo ci- nereus, Couth., 1888.— Lamin. Corall. West Isles near Eastport, in 10 f. gravel, (W. 8.) In 40 f. off Grand Manan, (W. 8.) and southward to Cape Cod.
M. osscura, Gould, 253, f. 171*. Turbo obscurus, Couth., 1838.— Lamin. Whole Coast N. of Cape Cod, and at Stonington, Conn. (fide Linsley.) East- port, 6 f., mud, (W. 8.) Grand Manan, 4 f,, sand, (W. 8S.) Off Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, (Wh.) Beverly Harb. (Ag.) Off Egg Rock, near Nahant, 17 f. sand, (Tufts and Haskell.) Provincetown Har- bor, (Tott.)
M. unputata, Sow. Gould, 254, f. 172*.— Lamin. From Cape Cod northward. Grand Manan, 4 f. nullipore bottom, (W. 8.)
M. arcentata, Gould, 256, f. 174*.— Corall. Grand Manan, (W. 8.) to Cape Cod.
oo SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
M. nexicina, Moll. Lovén. Turbo helicinus, O. Fabr. Margarita arctica, Gould, 255, f.173*. Trochus heli- cinus, F. et H.— Litt. Lamin. From Cape Cod northward.
M. coarctata, St. Delphinula coarctata, Mighels, Bost. Jour., iv. 349.— Casco Bay. An examination of the animal is necessary to determine the position of this species.
Dekay has described two species of Margarita from the vicinity of New York, — M. multilineata and M. ornata. His descriptions and figures do not enable me to determine them.
ADEORBIS cosTULATA, St., Bost. Proc., iv. 14. Marga- rita ? costulata, MOll., 1842. ? costulata, F. et H. Marg. minutissima, Mighels, 1843. (?) — Corall. Off Grand Manan in 30 f. (W. 8.) to Mass. Bay.
PuastaNELLA suLcosa, Migh., Bost. Jour., iv. 548,—
Maine. It will be impossible to determine the true place of this shell without an examination of the an- imal, until which I leave it where Dr. Mighels has
placed it.
IAN THINIDA.
lanruina FRaGiLis, Brug. Gould, 240. — Occasionally
east ashore at Nantucket.
PALUDINID.
Me.antia Depyets, Say. Adams, in Thompson's Hist.
Vermont. — Lake Champlain.
GASTEROPODA. oe
PaLuDINA DEcISa, Say. Gould, 227.
Amnicoua porata, Gould, 229, f. 157.
A. pauuipa, Hald.— Vermont. Conn.
VALVATA TRICARINATA, Say. Gould, 225, f. 156.
V. sincera, Say. Adams, in Thomps. Hist. Vermont. V. puporDEA, Gould, 226, f. 155.
LITTORINID.
Lirrortna rupis, Gould, 257. Nerita littorea, O. Fabr. Turbo rudis, Don. TT. tenebrosus, Mont. T. obligatus, Say. TT. vestitus, Say. L. Grinlandica, Moll. LZ. tenebrosa, Forbes. Gould.— Litt. Whole Coast. I follow Clark, (An. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2d Ser., 362,) in considering the various forms to which the synonymes apply as varieties.
L. titrorauis, F. et H. Nerita littoralis, L. Turbo palliatus, Say. LL. palliata, Gould, 260, f.177*. LZ. neritoides, Dekay. — Litt. Whole Coast.
L. rrrorata, Gray. Turbo irroratus, Say, July, 1822. Phasianella sulcata, Lam. Aug., 1822. Ravenel, Cat. — Litt. Connecticut.
Lacuna vineta, Turt. Gould, 262, f. 178%. Turbo di- varicatus, O. Fabr. (non L.) T. vinctus, Mont. — Litt. amin. Whole Coast.
L. nertromea, Gould, 263, f. 170.— Litt. Lamin. Whole Coast.
Rissoa minuta, St. Turbo minutus, Tott. Cingula mi- nuta, Gould, 265, f. 171. — Litt. Whole Coast.
R. mopesta, St. Cingula modesta, H. C. Lea, Bost.
3)
34 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
Jour., v. 288, 1844.— Litt. Connecticut. ©. levis, Dekay, is perhaps this species.
R. Larior, St. Cingula latior, Migh. et Ad., Bost. Jour., iv. 48, 1841. — Corall. Maine.
R. epurnea, St., Pl. I. fig. 1. Bost. Proc. iv. 14. T.
parva, ovato-conoidea, alba, nitida, levis. Anf. 4
4
convexiusculi, ad suturam subangulati; apertura ova- to-elliptica, labro tenui, simplici, acuto, anticé effuso. Long. .16, lat. .09, poll.
Corall. Mass. Bay.
R. acunrus, St., Bost. Proc, iv. 15. Cingula aculeus, Gould, 266, f. 172. Paludinella aculeus, Midden- dorff. (?) — Litt. Whole Coast.
R. muitinineata, St. Pl. I. fig. 2. Bost. Proc., iv. 14. T’. minuta, oblongo-ovata, obtusa, alba; anf. 5 con- vexi, striis transversis, minutis, ad 20,— ornati; aper- tura orbiculato-ovata, labro incrassato, effuso. Long. -l, lat. .045, poll.
Lamin. Mass. Bay.
R. Mieuetsu, St., Bost. Proc. iv.15. Cingula arenaria, Migh. et Ad. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward.
R. Exarata, St. Pl. I. fig. 3. Bost..Proe., iv. 15... T. parva, ovata, fusca, solidula, imperforata; anf. 5 con- vexiusculi, posticé subplicati, costis transversis, ele- vatis, inequidistantibus, (tribus ad anf. supr.,) — cincti; apertura parva, ovata, labro incrassato. Long. -11, lat. .05, poll.
Lamin. Boston Harbor.
R. pevacica, St., Bost. Proc. iv. 15. Cingula semi- costata, Migh. et Ad.— Corall. In 30 f. gravel, off Duck Island, Grand Manan, (W. 8.) to Mass. Bay.
GASTEROPODA. 30
Skxenea PLanorsis, F. et H. Turbo planorbis, O. Fabr. Skenea serpuloides, Gould, 247, f. 189. (non Angl.) — Litt. From Cape Cod northward.
TURRITELLIDA.
TurRITELLA cosTuLaTA, Migh. et Ad., Bost. Jour., iv. 50. —Corall. Eastport Harb., 30 f., rocky bottom, (W. 8.) Casco Bay, (Migh.)
T. AREOLATA, St. Bost. Proc. iv. 16. 'T’. parva, subper- forata, turrita, rubra, costis transversis, distantibus, quatuor, (duabus ad anf. sup.) et plicis elevatis, inter- ruptis, —areolata; anf. 6 convexi; apertura anticé effusa; labro acuto. Long. .18, lat. .09, poll.
This is probably a young shell, but it appears dis- tinct from any of our species. It approaches 7. re- ticulata, Migh., from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, but the transverse ribs are more prominent, and the lon- gitudinal ones less so, than in that shell.
Corall. Mass. Bay.
T. serosa, Couth. Gould, 267.— Corall., and Dp. 5S. Coral. In 50 f. mud, off Campo-bello, near Eastport, Me., (W. 8.) and southward to Cape Cod.
T. acicuna, St. Pl. I.f.5. Bost. Proc. iv. 15. T. parva, turrita, subulata, candida, tenuis; anf. 10 valdé con- vexi, longitudinaliter striati, costis transversis qua- rum tribus majoribus, cincti; apertura rotundata, anticé effusa, labro acuto. Long. .22, lat. .08, poll.
Corall. Off Grand Manan, in 40 f. sandy mud, and near Duck Island, in 5 f. sand, (W. 8.) and southward to Cape Cod.
36 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
This species is distinguished from the young of T. erosa by its much more convex whorls and prom- inent ribs.
Cacum PULCHELLUM, St., Pl. II. f. 3. Bost. Proc., Oct. 1851. Shell in its adult state clavate, .1 inch in length and .025 inch in breadth at its broadest part, arcuated, contracted at both extremities, and having a somewhat angular appearance at its outer or dor- sal outline, which is much longer than the inner. It is somewhat thick and strong, of a pale yellowish- brown color, and sculptured with about twenty-five strong rounded ribs, broader anteriorly, but narrow- er posteriorly, than their interspaces, not project- ing sharply beyond the outline of the shell, but giv- ing it a waved appearance. Operculum multispiral, of about eight volutions, corneous, and concave on the outer surface.
The animal agrees nearly with the English species, C. trachea, as described by Mr. Clark. The head projects but little in advance of the foot, which is short. ‘The muzzle is cleft and transversely wrinkled, and has two black spots above just in front of the tentacule, which are thick, curved, and covered with large vibrille. The eyes are conspicuous, black, oval, and situated at nearly the middle of the bases of the tentacule, a little toward the inner sides. The oper- culigerous lobe projects a little beyond the operculum.
In keeping alive several individuals of this species from April to November I observed the following stages of growth: — 1st. A slender, thin, areuated form
GASTEROPODA. 37
with few distant ribs. 2d. The anterior half of this form, left by the decadence of its posterior half, with a part of the growing adult shell. 3d. The adult form. 'Thus septa would appear to be thrice formed.
This species inhabits the Laminarian zone in New Bedford Harbor, where it was dredged adhering to groups of Vermeti. (W. 8.)
CERITHIADA.
APORRHAIS OccIDENTALIS, Beck. fostellaria occiden- talis, Gould, 298, f. 205.— Corall. Off Campo-bello, in 50 f. mud, (W. 8.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, (Wh.)
Crerituium Sayt, Menke. Gould, 278, f. 183.— Litt. From Cape Cod southward.
C. Greenu, Adams. Gould, 279, f. 184.— Lamin. Boston Harb., 3 f. (W. 8.) and southward.
C. nigrocinctum, Ad. Gould, 277, f. 182.— Lamin. From Buzzard’s Bay southward.
VERMETIDA.
VeERMETUS RADICULA, St. V. lumbricalis, Gould, 246. (non Lam.) — Lamin. From Buzzard’s Bay south- ward.
This species may very probably be identical with V. bicarinatus, or V. Knorrii of Deshayes, or more properly, perhaps, they are all varieties of one species. Specimens from Buzzard’s Bay agree with those from N. C., and differ from the West Indian shells,
38 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
(from which, probably, Deshayes established his spe- cies,) in their less prominent carine, and their cine- reous color.
The true position of the Vermetide is difficult to determine. ‘They have relations with the last two families in their shells, particularly in the plugging up of the upper whorls as the shell advances in growth. In the young animal, before its escape from the egg, the shell appears helicoid and reversed, thus showing some affinity with the Pyramidellide. As a description of the animal may be useful in this con- nection, I give it here.
Its color is a light brown, with spots and patches of black. The mantle is fringed at its margin with short filaments. The branchial plume is very large and long, situated nearly over the middle of the back of the animal. ‘The foot is very short and broad, di- lated into rounded auricles anteriorly. The muzzle is broad, not cleft; the tongue small. The tentacles are short, conical, having the eyes at their external bases. An elevated ridge runs along the back, be- comes flattened into a membrane at the head, and passes round under the right tentacle, forming a kind of canal; near which is the anus. The operculum is corneous, concentric, black and hard on the inner, and lamellated on the outer surface. It is surround- ed by a thin, membranous, flexible portion, about one fourth its diameter ;— thus it is enabled to close its shell perfectly at the aperture, and yet to retreat far into the narrower whorls.
GASTEROPODA. 39
The eggs were deposited in July. They were soft, slightly cohering in the form of an elongated cone, bent into a half circle. When laid, the eggs were in an advanced stage of development, each containing from six to eight young animals, which had already
commenced forming their shells.
SCALARIADA.
Scatarta Novaneii#, Couth., 1838. Gould, 248. — Corall. Mass. Bay. Since the single specimen found by Mr. Couthouy, no other has occurred.
S. Grontanpica, Gould, 249, f. 170*.— Corall. and D. S. Coral. Eastport Harb. 10 f. sand, (W.8S.) Off Head Harbor, in 50 f. (W. 8.) Off Grand Manan, in 40 f. mud, (W. 8.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, (Wh.) Off Nahant, in 17 f. hard sand, (Tufts and Hask.) Off Race Pt., in 30 f. gravel, (Atw.) Nan- tucket Shoals, in 20 f. (Ag.)
S. uingaTa, Say. Gould, 250.— Lamin. From Buz- zard’s Bay, southward.
S. muutistriata, Say. Gould, 251.— Lamin. Buz- zard’s Bay, (Shiverick.)
Evuuma oxveacea, Kurtz et Stimpson. Pl. I. fig. 6. Bost. Proc., Oct. 1851. T. parva, subulata, solida, nitidissima, alba, vel fasciis transversis pallidé fuscis, ornata; anf. 12, planati, contigui; sutura incon- spicua; apertura parva, ovata. Long. .25, lat. .06, poll.
The animal is white, hyaline; tentacles almost
40 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
joining each other at their bases, where, on the exter- nal sides, are the eyes, which may be seen through the shell, when, as is usually the case, the head does not project beyond it. Foot short, broad, slightly produced at the anterior angles; the lobe above pro- jecting a little beyond it.
This is a very variable species, especially as re- gards the form and length of the aperture. Conrad has described two species from the miocene of Vir- ginia which closely resemble this. It was dredged in Buzzard’s Bay, several miles from land, at the depth of eight fathoms, where the bottom is com- posed of a soft gray mud.
PYRAMIDELLIDA.
MenestHo auputa, Moll. Turbo albulus, O. Fabr. Pyramis striatula, Couth. Gould, 269, f. 174. — Co- rall. West Isles near Eastport, Me., in 10 f. gravel, (W. 5.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, (Wh.) Off Baker’s I., in 20 f. gravel, (Wh. and W. 8.) Off Cape Cod, in 30 f. shelly bottom, (Atw.)
CHEMNITZIA NIVEA, St. Bost. Proc., Oct. 1851. T. aci- eulata, subcylindrica, alba, nitida; anfr. 11, planati, longitudinaliter plicati, plicis rectis, interstitiis le- vissimis. Long. .28, lat. .04, poll.
Animal white; head short; tentacles triangular, very broad, with the eyes at nearly the middle of their bases; foot elongated, with an arcuated inden- tation at its anterior terminus.
GASTEROPODA. 41
This species differs from C. interrupla in being more slender, in wanting revolving lines, and also totally in its station, — the deeper parts of the Coral- line zone. It was taken in forty fathoms, on a mud- dy and gravelly bottom, off Grand Manan, a large island lying off Eastport, Maine, at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy.
C. interRRupPTA, St., Bost. Proc., iv. 16. Turritella in- terrupta, 'Tott. Gould, 268, f.173.— Lamin. Bos- ton Harb. 3 f. (W. 8.) New Bedford Harb. (Ad.) and southward.
C. propucta, St. Jaminia producta, Ad. Odostomia producta, Gould, 270, f. 175.— Litt. From. Buz- zard’s Bay southward.
C. Fusca, St. Pyramis fusca, Ad. Odost. fusca, Gould, 270, f. 176.— Litt. Boston Harb. (W. 8.) New Bedford, (Ad.) and southward. Tbe specimen from Boston Harbor differs considerably from those found at New Bedford, and is perhaps a different species.
C. peaLBaTta, St., Bost. Proc., Oct. 1851.
It is broader than C. bisuturalis, has not so sharp an apex, and wants the revolving line. Dredged in Boston Harbor, in 3 f. on a shelly bottom, (W. 8.)
C. mopesta, St., Bost. Proc., iv. 16. T. parva, conica, alba, levis ; anf. 4, planulati, ultimo medio subangu- lato; sutura impressa; apertura uniplicata, sub- rhomboidea. Long. .14, lat. .06, poll.
This species is more angular than C. bisuturalis, and has no revolving line just below the suture as in
6
42 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
that shell. It is very like the British O. wnidentata. lt inhabits the Coralline zone at St. George’s Bank.
C. sisuturaLis, St., Bost. Proc., iv. 16. Turritella bi- suturalis, Say, 1821. Jaminia exigua, Couth., 1838. Odost. exigua, Gould, 272, f. 177. — Litt. Mass. Bay.
C. rriripa, St. Acton trifidus, 'Tott. Odost. trifida, Gould, 274, f. 179.— Litt. Buzzard’s Bay to N. Y,
C. mmpressa, Kurtz, MS. Turritella impressa, Say. Odostomia insculpta, Dekay. (non Angl.) — Litt. Connecticut.
C. seminupa, St., Bost. Proc., iv. 16. Jaminia seminuda, Ad. Odost. seminuda, Gould. — Lamin. From Mass. Bay northward.
NATICIDA.
Natica FLAva, Gould, 239, f. 162. — Corall. D.S. Co- ral. From Mass. Bay northward.
N. HELIcorwes, Johnston, 1835. Loven. F.et H WM. canaliculata, Gould, 235, f. 161, 1841. ™. cornea, Phil. Moll. WV. Gouldii, Ad., 1847. (non Phil.) — Co- rall. From Mass. Bay northward.
N. nwEROos, Say. Gould, 231, f. 163.— Litt. Whole Coast.
N. rrisertrata, Say. Gould, 233, f. 165. — Litt. Whole Coast; rare south of Cape Cod.
N. Goutpu, Phil. Zeitsch. fiir Malak., Mai, 1845.— “ Maine,” Phil. 'This species I have not seen, but insert on the authority of the distinguished author
quoted.
GASTEROPODA. 43
N. Groénuanpica, Beck. Moll. ™. pusilla, Gould, 237, f.166. F. et H., Brit. Moll. (non Say.) — Lamin. Corall. In 40 f. off Grand Manan, (W. 8.) to Cape Cod.
N. mmacunata, Totten. Gould, 234, f. 168. — Lamin. Whole Coast. Eastport Harb. 5 f. mud, (W. 8.) Off Grand Manan, in 40 f. (W. 8.) Salem Harb. 3 f. mud and sand, (Wh. and W. 8.) Boston Harb. 5 f.(W.S.) Provincetown Harb. (Tott.) Stoning- ton, (Linsley.)
N. pupticata, Say. Gould, 236, f. 164.— Litt. amin. From Mass. Bay southward.
N. pusitua, Say, J. A. N. S. ii. 257, 1821.— Lamin. Buzzard’s Bay in 3-8 f. (Prime and W. 8.)
Lieut. Kurtz has found the shell here intended on the coast of South Carolina, and is inclined to refer it to Mr. Say’s species. As it is somewhat uncertain, I append the following description.
Shell resembling in shape NV. immaculata, minute, 1 inch in length, thick and strong, yellowish brown, (except around the umbilicus, where it is white,) and beautifully marked with longitudinal zigzag lines of mahogany color. Umbilicus closed by an abundant white callus, leaving a narrow sulcus ; — there is also much callus deposited on the pillar lip, especially where it joins the outer lip. Operculum calcareous, like that of NV. clausa.
N. ciausa, Brod. et Sow. Gould, 238, f. 167. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward. Eastport and Grand Manan, in 20-50 f. gravel, (W. 8.)
44 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
VELUTINIDA.
VeLuTINA HALIoToIDES, Modll. Helix haliotoides, O. Fabr. V. levigata, Flem. Gould, 241, f. 159.— Co- rall. From Cape Cod northward. Eastport Harb. rocks in 20 f. (W. S.) Beverly Harb. (Ag.) Off Cape Cod in 30 f. on shells, (Atw.) Provincetown Harb. (Tott.) V. zonata, Gould, 242, f. 160.— Corall. From Mass. Bay northward. Off Friar’s Head, Lubec, Me., on stones in 14 f. (W. 8.) Off Duck Island, in 40 f. (W. 8.) LameE.Luaria PERSPIcUA, Loven. F.et H. Helix per- spicua, Lin. Sigaretus haliotoideus, Flem. Gould, 244, f. 158. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward. In 25 f. rocks, West Isles, near Eastport, Me. (W. S.) The colors of our animal differ materially from those of the European species, and the mantle seems to have a permanent sinus on the right side.
As specific differences in this genus rest almost en- tirely upon the animal, it is possible that we have L.
tentaculata, also, in our waters.
CANCELLARIADA.
ADMETE viriDuLA, St. Tritonium viridulum, O. Fabr. Murex costellifer, Sow., M. C. Cancellaria buccinoi- des, Couth. (non Sow.) C. Couthouyi, Jay. Gould, 283, f. 190. Admete crispa, Moll. Cancellaria viri- dula, Loven. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward. Eastport and Grand Manan from 10 to 40 f. (W. 8.)
GASTEROPODA. 45
TRICHOTROPIS BOREALIS, Brod. et Sow. Gould, 300, f. 207.— Corall. From Cape Cod northward. West Isles, near Eastport, in 20 f. gravel, (W. 5.) Isles of Shoals, in 15 f. (Wh.)
CERITHIOPSIS TEREBELLUM, St. Cerithium terebrale, Ad. Gould, 276, f.181. (preoc.) C terebellum, Ad., Cat. Coll. — Lamin. From Buzzard’s Bay south- ward. An examination of the animals leads me to place this and the succeeding species in the genus Cerithiopsis, established by Forbes and Hanley in February of this year, for the zodphagous Cerithia.
C. Eversonu, St. Cerithium Emersonii, Ad. Gould, 275, f. 180.— Lamin. From Buzzard’s Bay south-
ward.
MURICIDZ.
RanELua caupaTa, Say. Gould, 297, f. 204. — Lamin. From Buzzard’s Bay southward.
Purpura Lapitius, Lam. Gould, 301. Buccinum la- pillus, Lin. — Litt. Whole Coast.
Nassa TrivitTaTa, Say, 1821. Buccinum trivitiatum, Ad., 1888. Gould, 309, f. 211.— Lamin. Whole Coast.
N. visex, Say, 1821. Buccinum vibex, Ad., 1838. Gould, 310, f. 212.— Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
N. ogsoteta, Say, 1821. Buc. obsoletum, Ad. Gould, 308, f. 210. — Litt. Whole Coast.
Buccrnum unpatum, Lin. Gould, 305.— Lamin. Co-
rall. Whole Coast. Eastport at low water, plenti-
46 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
ful, (W. 8.) Salem Harb., 1. w. to 15 f. (Tufts.) Off Chatham, Cape Cod, 16 miles from land, abun- dant, (Atw.) Nantucket, (Park.)
B. pricosum, Menke. Gould, 303, f. 213. Fusus cine- reus, Say. — Litt. From Casco Bay southward. It is not improbable that the establishment of a new genus is requisite for this shell.
TRITONIUM VENTRICOSUM, St. Fusus ventricosus, Gray. Gould, 285, f. 200.— Corall. St. George’s Banks. Nantucket Shoals, ( Ag.)
It would seem that the name Tritonium could be most conveniently retained for Fusus. The names Tritonium and 'Triton are sufficiently distinct.
T. Isuanpicum, Lovén. Murex £, Chemn. Fusus I, Gould, 284.— Lamin. Corall. From Nantucket Shoals northward. Eastport at low water, (Ray.) Off Cape Cod, in 30 f. (Atw.) Off Lynn, in 20 f. (Tufts and Haskell.)
T. pyemzum, St. FE. Islandicus, var. pygmeus, Gould. F. pygmaeus, Migh.— Corall. Whole Coast. Kast- port and Grand Manan, in 6-50 faths. mud, (W. S.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, (Wh.) Off Na- hant, in 17 f. (Tufts and Hask.)
This species differs much from the young of 7. Islandicum, as is seen by comparing specimens of each, of equal size. The animal also differs remark- ably, in having its siphonal tube protruding far be- yond the extremity of the canal of the shell, thus showing a resemblance to Nassa.
T. pecemcostatum, Middendorff. Fusus decemcostatus,
GASTEROPODA. 47
Say, 1825. Gould, 287, f. 202.— Lamin. (Corall. From Cape Cod northward. Passamaquoddy Bay, in mud at low water, (Ray.) Off Nahant, in 17 f. (Tufts and Hask.) Off Cape Cod, in 35 f. (Atw.)
T. cuparnratum, Mill. O. Fabr. Loven. Midd. Mu- rex clathratus, Lin. M. Bamffius, Don. Fusus Bamffius, Flem. Gould, 289, f.198. Trophon cla- thratum, F. et H.— Corall. and D. 8. Coral. From Mass. Bay northward. Off Grand Manan, in 36 f. (W. 5.)
TT’, SCALARIFORME, St. Fusus scalariformis, Gould, 288, f. 203. TT clathratum, var., Loven. — Corall. and D.5. Corall. From Mass. Bay northward.
Fascronarra ticata, Migh. et Ad. 1841. Bay of Fundy, off Campo-bello, in 20-30 f. gravel, (W. 5.)
Pyrua canaticutata, Brug. Gould, 294, f. 206. Mu- rex c., Lin. — Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
P. carica, Brug. Gould, 296. Murex carica, Gmel. Pyrula auruana, Reeve. — Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
CoLUMBELLA ROSACEA, Bt. Buccinum rosaceumn, Gould, 311, f. 195.— Lamin. Corall. West Isles in 10 f. gravel, (W. 8.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. (Wh.) ‘The animal resembles that of C. lunata.
C. pisstminis, St. T. parva, ovato-conica, solida, lon- gitudinaliter substriata, fusca, seepe albo trizonata ; anf. 5, planati, apertura dimidiam spiram sube- quante. Long. .023, lat. .01, poll.—Lamin. Co- rall, Hastport Harbor, and Grand Manan, (W. 8.)
48 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
This species differs from C. lunata in its want of revolving lines on the rostrum, and in its color. Buce- cinum zonale, Linsley, Connecticut, is probably the young of this species, but the name is preoccupied. The animal resembles that of C. lunata, except in its color, which is white.
C. tunata, Sow. Nassa 1, Say. Buccinum L, Ad. Gould, 312, f. 196.— Litt. Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
Fusus Trumbulli, Linsley, I have not recognized. Dekay’s figure and description of Buccinum Veatleyt, do not enable me to determine what was meant by them.
C. Goutprana, Ag., MS.— Lamin. Mass. Bay.
Scarcely to be distinguished from C. lunata. It is larger, has a more produced rostrum, when young;
and its coloring consists of narrow, waved, longitudi- nal reddish-brown lines, —it being seldom, if ever,
banded. The animal also differs somewhat in coloring from that of C. lunata. C. avara, Say. Gould, 313, f.197.— Lamin. From Mass. Bay southward.
CONIDZ.
Manceuia TurRIcULA, F.et H. Murex turricula, Mont. Fusus turricula, Brown. Gould, 292, f. 193. — Co- rall. From Cape Cod northward. Frequent in from 10 to 40 faths.
M. warpuLaria, St. Fusus harpularius, Couth. Gould,
GASTEROPODA. 49
291, f. 191.— Lamin. Corall. From Cape Cod northward. Dredged at Lynn, (Tufts.) Salem, (Wh.) and Eastport, (W. 8.)
M. pyramipauis, St. Buccinum pyramidale, Strom. Tritonium p., Loven. Fusus rufus, Gould, 290, f. 192. — Corall. D. 8. Coral. From Cape Cod northward, and off coast of L. I. in 46 f. Off Grand Manan, in 50 f. mud, (W..8.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, ( Wh.)
M. cancenuata, St. Fusus cancellatus, Migh. et Ad., 1841. — Corall. Casco Bay.
M. pecussata, St. Pleurotoma decussata, Couth. Gould, 280, f. 185.— Lamin. Corall. From Cape Cod northward.
M. viotacea, St. Pleurotoma violacea, Migh. et Ad., 1841. — Lamin. Mass. Bay, (W.8.) Casco Bay, (Migh.)
M. sicartnata, St. Pleurotoma bicarinata, \Couth. Gould, 281, f. 186:
PLEUROTOMA cERINUM, Kurtz et Stimpson, PI. II. f. 2. Bost. Proc. Oct. 1851. 'T. fusiformi-turrita, cerea, vel cinerea, plicis longitudinalibus, circa 10, eleva- tis, striis transversis numerosis; anfr. 7 planiusculi ; apertura oblonga, dimidiam spiram equante; labro simplici ; cauda brevissima.
Lamin. New Bedford Harb. (Prime and W. 8.)
P. puicatum, Ad. Gould, 282, f.187.— Lamin. From Buzzard’s Bay southward.
i)
00 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
TECTIBRANCHIATA.
BULLIDZ.
Butta niemMaLis, Couth. Gould, 163, f. 100. — Corall. Maine to Massachusetts.
B. oryza, Totten. Gould, 168, f. 938.— Lamin. From Buzzard’s Bay southward. Maine, (fide Migh.) New Bedford Harb. in 4 f. mud and sand, (Prime and W. 8.) :
B. rriticea, Couth. Gould, 165, f. 98. B. corticata, Moll. — Corall. Off Grand Manan, in 40 f. (W. 8.) Off Nahant, in 17 f. (Tufts and Hask.) Stonington, (Lins.)
B. canaticutata, Say. Gould, 166, f. 97. B. obstric- ta, Gould, 167, f. 76.— Lamin. From Mass. Bay southward.
B. pertenvis, Migh., Bost. Jour. iv. 346. Stimpson, Bost. Proc. iv. 18.—Lamin. From Cape Cod northward.
B. rncincta, Migh., Bost. Proc., i. 188. — Maine.
B. pesiuis, Gould, 164, f. 95. — Corall. Whole Coast.
B. Goutpu, Couth. Gould, 163, f. 94.— Lamin. Co- rall. From Cape Cod northward. Provincetown Harb. (Tott.)
B. sourraria, Say. B. insculpta, Tott. Gould, 162, f. 92, — Litt. Lamin. From Mass. Bay southward. B. puncro-striata, Migh. et Ad., 1841. Stimpson,
Bost. Proc., iv. 17.— Corall. From Mass. Bay
northward.
GASTEROPODA. 51
PHILINE LINEOLATA, St. Bulla lineolata, Couth. Gould, 169, f. 99.—Lamin. Corall. From Cape Cod northward. Eastport and Grand Manan, in gravel and sand, from 3 to 30 f.
P. sinvaTa, St., Pl. I. f. 7. Bost. Proc., iii.333. P. testa minuta, ovata, alba, pellucida, longitudinaliter striata ; spira conspicua; apertura anticé dilatata. Long. .07, lat. .05, poll.
Lamin. In 6 f. sand, Boston Harb. (W. 8.)
P. rormosa, St., Bost. Proc., iii. 334. P. testa minuta, quadrato-globosa, anticé subtruncata, alba, nitida, subopaca, posticé incrassata, striis volventibus, in- eequidistantibus, excavato-punctatis, vel interdum un- dulatis, sculpta; apice arcté et profunde perforato ; columella sinuata, laté et tenuiter callo induta; labro posticé crenulato; apertura patentissima. Long. .18, lat. 14, poll.
Corall. Mass. Bay. This species may prove iden- tical with P. quadrata, F. et H., or with P. scutu-
lum, Loven.
TORNATELLIDZ.
Acton puncTo-sTRiaTaA, St. Tornatella puncto-striata, Ad. Gould, 245, f. 188.—Lamin. Buzzard’s Bay.
MELAMPIDZ.
Me.ampvus corneus, St. MM. bidentatus, Say. Auricula cornea, Desh. <A. bidentata, Gould, 197, f. 130. From Mass. Bay southward.
o2 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
M. penticutatus, Auct. Voluta denticulata, Mont. Auricula denticulata, Gould, 199, f. 127. Found about wharves, in seaports, often in situations where it is covered for half the time by the sea. It is per- haps an imported species.
CarycuiuM Exicuum, Gould, in Binney’s Terrest. Moll. U.S.,i1. 288. Pupa exigua, Say. Gould, 191, f. 120. Bulimus exiguus, Binney.
PNEUMOBRANCHIATA.
LIMNA AD.
ANCYLUS PARALLELUS, Hald. A. rivularis, Gould, 224, f. 153. (non Say.)
A. Fuscus, Ad. Gould.
A. Tarpus, Say. — Vermont.
Limnxa appressa, Say. — Lake Champlain.
L. pecottata, Migh. et Ad. — Maine.
Ll. carascopium, Say. Gould. L. pingwis, Say. L.
emarginata, Say.
. AMPLA, Migh. — Maine.
- MAGASOMA, Say. — Lake Champlain.
COLUMELLA, Say. Gould. JL. macrostoma, Say.
CAPERATA, Say. L. umbilicata, Ad. Gould.
HuMILIS, Say. L. modicellus, Say. Gould.
pALLIDA, Ad.— Lake Champlain.
DESIDIOSA, Say.
» ELODES, Say. Gould.
PPrePeRee
- GRACILIS, Jay. — Lake Champlain.
GASTEROPODA. o38
PuyYSA HETEROSTROPHA, Say. Gould.
P. rracitis, Migh. et Ad. — Maine.
P. anciLuaRia, Say. Gould.
P. eyrina, Say. Adams. — Vermont.
P. sLoNGaTa, Say. Gould.
PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS, Say. Gould. LENTUs, Say. Gould.
BICARINATUS, Say. Gould. CAMPANULATUS, Say. Gould. ARMIGERUS, Say. Gould.
HirRsuTUs, Gould.
DEFLECTUS, Say. Gould.
EXacuTUS, Say. Gould.
PaRvus, Say. Gould. /P. elevatus, Ad. Gould. piLaTaTus, Gould. P. deus, Lea. (preoc.)
dd
VERTIGINIDZ.
The want of the inferior tentacles seems sufficient ground for the separation of this family from the Helicide.
VERTIGO miLIuM, Gould, in Binney’s Terrest. Moll., ii. 337. Pupa milium, Gould, Inv. Mass.
V. Gou.pu, Gould, loc. pr. cit., 11. 332. Pupa Gouldii, Binney, Bost. Proc., i. 105.
V.ovata, Say. Gould,l.c. Pupa ovata, Sager. Gould, Monog. PP. modesta, Say. Gould, Inv. Mass.
V. smpLex, St. Pupa simplex, Gould, 190, f. 121.
PUPAD.
Pupa PENTODON, Binney. Gould, Bost. Jour., iv. 353.
o4+ SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
Vertigo pentodon, Say. Pupa curvidens, Gould, 180, f. 125.
P. contracta, Say. Gould.
P. papia, Adams. — Vermont.
P. armirera, Say.— Vermont.
HELICIDE.
Butimus warpa, Pfieff., 1847. Binney, Terrest. Moll. Helix harpa, Say,1824. Pupa costulata, Migh., 1844.
B. rauuax, Gould, in Binney’s Terrest. Moll. U.5., ii. 288. Pupa fallax, Say. Gould, 192, f. 123.
B. tusricoipes, St. 8B. lubricus, Gould, 1938, f. 124. (non Mill.) It is scarce possible that a species so widely distributed on our continent could have been imported from Europe.
Hevrx atpouasris, Say. Gould.
H. nemorauis, Lin. H. hortensis, Mill. Gould. 7. subglobosa, Binney.
. THYROIDUS, Say. Gould. DENTIFERA, Binney. — Vermont. TRIDENTATA, Say. Gould.
- PALLIATA, Say.
. MONODON, Rackett. Gould.
HIRSUTA, Say. Gould.
an
. concava, Say. — Vermont.
minuTA, Say. H. pulchella, Gould. Binney. (non Miill.)
H. Savi, Binney. — Maine, Vermont. H. rripentata, Say. Gould.
H. paByrintuica, Say. Gould.
GASTEROPODA. +515)
H. avternata, Say. Gould. H. strratetua, Anthony. Gould. H. exieua, St., Bost. Proce., iii. 175.
This is perhaps H. annulata, Case, Am. Journ., 1847. That name, however, is preoccupied by Sow- erby.
H. minuscuta, Binney.— Vermont, (Ad.) Essex Coun- ty, Mass. (True.)
. FULIGINOSA, Griffith.
. ceELLARIA, Mull. Gould.
INORNATA, Say. — Vermont, (Ad.)
. ARBOREA, Say. Gould.
. ELECTRINA, Gould.
. INDENTATA, Say. Gould.
CHERSINA, Say. Gould.
. SUPPRESSA, Say. — Conn. (Lins.)
. MULTIDENTATA, Binney. — Vermont.
Mote ae estes
. LINEATA, Say. Gould.
Succinsa opiiqua, Say. 8S. campestris, Gould. S. ovalis, Say.
S. avara, Say. Gould.
S. ovauis, Gould. Binney. (non Say.)
ViTRINA PELLUCIDA, Drap. Say. Adams. Binney. He- lix pellucida, Mull. O. Fabr. Vitrina limpida, Gould, Binney’s Terrest. Moll., ii. 58. This being a boreal species, occurring in Greenland, it is probable that it is identical with the European one to which it was
referred by Mr. Say.
56 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
LIMACIDA.
Limax campestris, Binney,
L. acrestis, Mill. L. tunicata, Gould.
L. variecatus, Drap.
ARION HORTENSIS, Feér,
TEBENNOPHORUS DORSALIS, Binney. Phylomycus dorsa- ils, Binney. Adams.
T. Caroxiniensis, Binney. Limax Caroliniensis, Bosc. L. togata, Gould.
CEPHALOPODA.
DECAPODA.
SPIRULIDA.
Sprruta Peroni, Lam.— Off Nantucket.
LOLIGINID As.
Louico ILLEcEBRosa, Lesueur, J, A, N, B33, 95.— Whole Coast.
L. pavo, Lesueur, 1. ¢., ii. 96. — Sandy Bay, Cape Ann, (Les.)
ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA.
Page 10, line 6, dele modice. “17, “© 97, for 58, read 59 “ 99 * 9g], & 27, «“ 28.
“ 23, “ 20, “ Ostesdesma, “ Osteodesma.
PEcTEN Fuscus, Linsley. This name is preoccupied by Klein. It must
therefore receive a new one. I would propose that of P. brunneus. LEpDA OBESA, St. As will be seen by the figure, this species is remark-
able for the reduction of the prominent support for the internal liga-
ment. The abbreviation f occurring in this work signifies fathoms. The
depths are all reduced to low-water level.
CAMBRIDGE, Nov. 25, 1851.
’ v i ata $ EPS eg tn ent ms be” §
+
JIE
a W.S.del. 1.Rassoa eburnea Stimpson. 2.R.multiineata,Stmpson. 3. R. exarata, Stimpson. 4. Spirials Gouldn , Sumpson.
5 .Turritella acicula,Stimpson.~6.Eulima oleacea, Kurtz % Stimpson.
7.Philine sinuata, Stimpson.
nll Pala bagid Me
Py
WS. del.
1.Leda obesa, Stmpson.— 2. Pleurotoma cerinum , Kurtz & Stimpson.
3. Cecum pulchellum, Suumpson.
TTT